Systematic data collection, including discovery science, succeeded natural history, which emerged in the 16th century by describing and classifying plants, animals, minerals, and so on.

Still, philosophical perspectives, conjectures, and presuppositions, often overlooked, remain necessary in natural science. Galileo, Descartes, Bacon, and Newton debated the benefits of using approaches which were more mathematical and more experimental in a methodical way. The social sciences also use such methods, but rely more on qualitative research, so that they are sometimes called 'soft science', whereas natural sciences, insofar as they emphasize quantifiable data produced, tested, and confirmed through the scientific method, are sometimes called 'hard science'.Modern natural science succeeded more classical approaches to natural philosophy, usually traced to ancient Greece. In Western society's analytic tradition, the empirical sciences and especially natural sciences use tools from formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, converting information about nature into measurements which can be explained as clear statements of the 'laws of nature'. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches (also known as fields). Physical science is subdivided into branches, including physics, chemistry, astronomy and earth science. Natural science can be divided into two main branches: life science (or biological science) and physical science.

Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatability of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances. Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Wikipedia Rate this definition: 4.0 / 2 votes

What is natural science